Commercial Strategies

Commercial Strategies

Developing Customer Value Co-Creation Behavior in Influencer Marketing in the Cosmetics Market

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 , Department of Management, SR.C,,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Scinences, University of Kurdistan
3 Department of Business Administration, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: In the late 20th century, the Internet emerged and gradually became an integral part of human societies, enabling people around the world to accelerate various aspects of their daily lives. The Internet has been widely used for establishing connections, performing daily tasks, developing businesses, and managing administrative affairs. The expansion of cyberspace also led to the emergence of social networking platforms, which have become increasingly popular, with billions of people using them every day. Initially, these platforms were designed to facilitate human interaction, and users mainly utilized them for entertainment and communication. Over time, however, individuals recognized opportunities to create added value through these networks and began using them as infrastructures for economic activities and business development. As social networks evolved, some users gained large numbers of followers through content creation. This attracted the attention of businesses, which began collaborating with these individuals to achieve their marketing objectives. Influencer marketing is an approach in which influential individuals promote products and services to their audiences. Influencers are regarded by brand marketers as credible sources of information, and influencers on social media platforms such as Instagram have become one of the key elements of digital marketing campaigns. Social networking platforms enable followers to express their opinions about promotional content, allowing consumers of advertised products to share positive and negative feedback quickly, directly, and at virtually no cost. This interaction enables followers to communicate their opinions regarding products and their performance to influencers as well as product manufacturers. Consequently, consumers perceive themselves as partners in the creation and development of product value and, through their active participation in providing feedback, engage in customer value co-creation. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the cosmetics, health, and beauty market. Given the growing integration of social media and influencers into people's daily lives, this study seeks to examine the less-explored aspects of influencers' roles in social networks and their relationship with the development of customer value co-creation behavior, as well as to identify the components associated with this phenomenon.
Methodology: This study is fundamental-applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The required data were collected through open-ended and in-depth interviews. The research is exploratory and based on data analysis using the grounded theory approach. Following the interviews, the collected data were analyzed and categorized through a three-stage coding process. The statistical population consisted of marketing and business experts, as well as specialists and practitioners in virtual businesses and influencer marketing. To identify the participants, three criteria were considered: at least two years of continuous professional experience, possession of a university degree, and familiarity with virtual communication. A list of eligible individuals was prepared, and purposive snowball sampling was employed to select the final participants. Initially, ten informants were interviewed. As theoretical saturation had not yet been achieved, three additional experts were included in the second stage. Theoretical saturation was reached after conducting interviews with thirteen experts. Data analysis was performed through open, axial, and selective coding. In the first stage, the interview transcripts were coded into open codes based on frequency, intensity, and emphasis. In the second stage, conceptually similar open codes were grouped into axial codes across different categories, and in the final stage, the relationships among these categories were identified. To establish the validity of the interview protocol, face validity was employed. The interview protocol and questions were reviewed and approved by ten experts. The reliability of the coding process was confirmed through recoding and inter-coder agreement.
Findings: Following the analysis of the field data and completion of the coding process, 121 initial codes were classified into 18 core codes and 8 main categories: characteristics of influencers, influencers' roles, prerequisites for customer value co-creation, core components of value co-creation, implementation of value co-creation in influencer marketing, methods and tools for value co-creation in influencer marketing, benefits of value co-creation in influencer marketing, and outcomes of value co-creation in influencer marketing.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings identified the key components involved in developing customer value co-creation behavior in influencer marketing. Based on these findings, practical suggestions are provided to facilitate and strengthen the development of customer value co-creation behavior within influencer marketing.
Keywords

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