الگوی کیفی شراکت استراتژیک در کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط

نویسندگان

مدیریت بازرگانی گرایش سیاستگذاری بازرگانی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تدوین الگوی کیفی شراکت استراتژیک در کسب­وکارهای کوچک و متوسط در صنعت نرم­افزار انجام شد. روش پژوهش از نوع پژوهش­های توصیفی- تحلیلی است که از تکنیک دلفی استفاده شده است. پنل خبرگان این تحقیق متشکل از 20 نفر از افراد خبره در حوزه مدیریت بازرگانی، مدیریت کارآفرینی، مدیریت راهبردی و صنعت نرم افزار بوده‌ که به روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شده‌اند. برای جمع­آوری داده­ها، تحلیل دلفی در سه مرحله و با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته و پرسشنامه‌ (باز و بسته پاسخ) انجام شد. روایی داده­ها با استفاده از ضریب نسبی روایی محتوا و مرور و اصلاح داده­ها توسط پنل خبرگان و پایایی داده­ها با استفاده از مستندسازی فرایند، کنترل و تأیید شد. داده­های کیفی به روش کدگذاری و داده‌های کمی به روش تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با تأکید بر فراوانی و میانگین دسته‌بندی و تحلیل‌شد. مدل اولیه استخراج شده از نقد و بررسی ادبیات علمی موجود، پس از سه مرحله تحلیل دلفی منجر به تدوین مدل شراکت استراتژیک با پنج بعد شامل؛ پیشرانه­های شراکت (9 مؤلفه)، انتخاب شرکا (8 مؤلفه)، طراحی و اجرای شراکت (6 مؤلفه)، چالش­های شراکت (6 مؤلفه) و پیامدهای شراکت (6 مؤلفه) شد. همچنین کلیت مدل و مسیرهای آن نیز مورد تأیید پنل خبرگان قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Qualitative Model of Strategic Partnership in Small and Medium Enterprises

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahdi Haghighi-Kafash
  • nader Mazloomi
  • Shahram khalilnezhad
  • mahdi Moshfegh
چکیده [English]

The research purpuse was to developing a qualitative model of strategic partnership for small and medium enterprises in the software industry. The research method was Descriptive-Analytic and has been done through Delphi teqnique. The Experts Panel of Delphi consists of 20 experts in the field of business management, entrepreneurship management, strategic management, and software industry that have been selected by snowball method. Delphi analysis was performed in three stages to collect data using semi-structured interviews and open and closed questionnaires. The validity of the data was controled and verified by using the Content Validity Ratio and the review and correction of the data by the experts’ panel. The reliability of the data was verified using Process Documentation. Qualitative data were categorized and analyzed using Open Coding and quantitative data were analyzed by statistical analysis with emphasis on data Frequency and Mean. The initial model extracted from the review of the existing scientific literature, after three stages of Delphi analysis, led to the development of a strategic partnership model with five dimensions; partnering propulsion (9 components), selection of partners (8 components), design and implementation of the partnership ( 6 components), partnership challenges (6 components) and partnership outcomes (6 components). The model and its pathes were also approved by the Panel of Experts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Strategic Partnership
  • Small and Medium Size Enterprises
  • Software Industry
  • Delphi Teqnique
1. اختیاری، یونس. (1392). بررسی نقش توسعه کارآفرینی بر کاهش اثرات تحریم در ایران. کنفرانس الکترونیکی بین‌المللی اقتصاد در تحریم‌ها، 22 سپتامبر، 2013. ص 1-16. 2. Santoro, G., Ferraris, A., Giacosa, E., & Giovando, G. (2018). How SMEs engage in open innovation: a survey. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 9(2), pp. 561-574. 3. Antoldi, F., & Cannatelli, B. (2008). Managing the Two Dimensions of Rationality in Building Strategic Alliances among SMEs: The I-Style Experience in the Furniture Cluster of Brianza. Collana Working Paper. Available in: https://centridiricerca.unicatt.it/cersi CERSI_CWP_3_2008__Antoldi_Cannatelli_ (2).PDF. 4. Zhao, F. (2014). A holistic and integrated approach to theorizing strategic alliances of small and medium-sized enterprises. Business Process Management Journal, 20(6), pp. 887–905. 5. Johansson, J. (2008). Essays on collaborative processes among SMEs for competitiveness development. Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet. Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology. 6. Khattab, S. A. A. (2012). Marketing strategic alliances: The hotel sector in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(9), p. 222. 7. Hagedoorn, J., Letterie, W., & Palm, F. (2011). The information value of R&D alliances: the preference for local or distant ties. Strategic Organization, 9(4), 283-309. 8. Todeva, E., & Knoke, D. (2005). Strategic alliances and models of collaboration. Management Decision, 43(1), pp. 123–148. 9. Van Gils, A., & Zwart, P. S. (2009). Alliance formation motives in SMEs: an explorative conjoint analysis study. International Small Business Journal, 27(1), pp. 5-37. 10. Chen, H. M., & Tseng, C. H. (2005). The performance of marketing alliances between the tourism industry and credit card issuing banks in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 26(1), pp. 15-24. 11. Zineldin, M., & Dodourova, M. (2005). Motivation, achievements and failure of strategic alliances: the case of Swedish auto-manufacturers in Russia. European Business Review, 17(5), pp. 460-470. 12. Elmuti, D., & Kathawala, Y. (2001). An overview of strategic alliances. Management decision, 39(3), pp. 205-218. 13. Elmuti, D., Abebe, M., & Nicolosi, M. (2005). An overview of strategic alliances between universities and corporations. Journal of workplace Learning, 17(1/2), pp. 115-129. 14. Inkpen, A. C. (2005). Strategic alliances. The Blackwell handbook of strategic management, pp. 403-427. 15. Spence, M. M., Manning, L. M., & Crick, D. (2008). An investigation into the use of collaborative ventures in the internationalization of high performing Canadian SMEs. European Management Journal, 26(6), pp. 412-428. 16. Wu, W. Y., Shih, H. A., & Chan, H. C. (2009). The analytic network process for partner selection criteria in strategic alliances. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), pp. 4646-4653. 17. Geringer, J. M. (1991). Strategic determinants of partner selection criteria in international joint ventures. Journal of international business studies, 22(1), pp. 41-62. 18. Dickson, P. H., Weaver, K. M., & Hoy, F. (2006). Opportunism in the R&D alliances of SMES: The roles of the institutional environment and SME size. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4), pp. 487-513. 19. Gaur, A. S., Mukherjee, D., Gaur, S. S., & Schmid, F. (2011). Environmental and firm level influences on inter‐organizational trust and SME performance. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8), pp. 1752-1781. 20. Mukherjee, D., Hanlon, S. C., Kedia, B. L., & Srivastava, P. (2012). Organizational identification among global virtual team members: The role of individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(4), 526-545. 21. O'Dwyer, M., & O'Flynn, E. (2005). MNC–SME strategic alliances—A model framing knowledge value as the primary predictor of governance modal choice. Journal of International Management, 11(3), pp. 397-416. 22. Au, A. K. M., & Enderwick, P. (1994). Small firms in international joint ventures in China: the New Zealand experience. Journal of Small Business Management, 32(2), 88. 23. Chaston, I. (2000). Entrepreneurial marketing: Successfully challenging market convention. Palgrave Macmillan. 24. Tsang Eric, W. K. (1999). Motives for Strategic Alliance: Resource-Based Perspective, Scand. J. Morar. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 207-221. 25. Spekman, R. E., Isabella, L. A., MacAvoy, T. C., Isabella, L. A., & MacAvoy, T. C. (2000). Alliance competence: Maximizing the value of your partnerships. New York, NY: Wiley. 26. Premaratne, S. P. (2001). Networks, resources, and small business growth: The experience in Sri Lanka. Journal of small business management, 39(4), pp. 363-371. 27. Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative science quarterly, 44(2), pp. 315-349. 28. Alizadeh, Y. (1999). Multi-relational aspect of family business networks. In Communication à la conference de l'ICSB. 29. Shah, R. H., & Swaminathan, V. (2008). Factors influencing partner selection in strategic alliances: The moderating role of alliance context. Strategic Management Journal, 29(5), pp. 471-494. 30. Tatoglu, E. (2000). Western joint ventures in Turkey: strategic motives and partner selection criteria. European Business Review, 12(3), pp. 137-147. 31. Pan, F. C. (2004). Selecting consumer oriented alliance partner to assure customer satisfaction in international markets. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 4(1-2), pp. 278-284. 32. جلالی، سید حسین. (1391). تبیین مؤلفه‌های محتوایی گزینش شرکا در شراکت‌‌های استراتژیک: مطالعه‌ای در صنعت نرم‌افزار، فصلنامه علوم مدیریت ایران، دوره 7، شماره 27، صفحه 147-168. 33. Taylor, A. (2005). An operations perspective on strategic alliance success factors: An exploratory study of alliance managers in the software industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(5), pp. 469-490. 34. Gilmore, A., Carson, D., Grant, K., Pickett, B., & Laney, R. (2000). Managing strategic change in small and medium‐sized enterprises: how do owner‐managers hand over their networks?. Strategic Change, 9(7), pp. 415-426. 35. Slowinski, G., Seelig, G., & Hull, F. (1996). Managing technology-based strategic alliances between large and small firms. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 61(2), p. 42. 36. Davenport, S., Davies, J., & Grimes, C. (1998). Collaborative research programmes: building trust from difference. Technovation, 19(1), pp. 31-40. 37. حمیدی زاده، محمدرضا، زارع احمدآبادی، حبیب، سنگبر، محمدعلی. (1393). تجزیه‎وتحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت شراکت‌های راهبردی با رویکرد پویایی‌های سیستم (موردمطالعه: خوشه صنعتی کاشی و سرامیک استان یزد). مدیریت بازرگانی، دوره: 6 - شماره: 3 - صفحه:517 -534. 38. Dickson, P.H. and Weaver, K.M. (2011). Institutional readiness and small to medium-sized enterprise alliance formation. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 126-148. 39. Lewis, J.D. (1992). The new power of strategic alliances', n Planning Review [Online], http://firstsearch.ocle.org/fatchnext.html, Vol. 2, No. 5, September/October, p. 46. 40. Kilburn, D. (1999). Partnership in cultural turmoil. Marketing Week, Vol. 38, No. 15, pp. 20-3. 41. Caiazza, R., & Stanton, J. (2016). The effect of strategic partnership on innovation: An empirical analysis. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 54, 208-212. 42. Ekawati, R. S. (2014). The Effect of Strategic Partnership on Innovation Capability and Business Performance of Garment Industry in West Java–Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3, p. 12. 43. Lee, C.W. (2007). Strategic alliances influence on small and medium firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(7), pp. 731–741. 44. Saci, F., & Jasimuddin, S. M. (2017). Does strategic partnership matter to create value of a firm? An empirical study based on SBF 250 French firms. Research in International Business and Finance.