تأثیر جهت‌گیری شخصیتی و شایستگی عاطفی بر خودکارآمدی و قصد کارآفرینی اجتماعی

Introduction and Purpose: In developing countries, entrepreneurship and new business start-ups are recognized as important factors of economic growth and play a fundamental role in innovation, agility and job creation. Entrepreneurship accelerates economic progress by introducing new products, services and technologies. As the global economy becomes increasingly competitive, countries face challenges in developing and sustaining their economic growth. Innovation has been realized as one of the critical agendas of governments around the world to advance competitive advantage and sustainable economic development of both countries. Entrepreneurial intention among students is influenced by various psychological factors. Understanding these relationships can help to know what drives future entrepreneurs and how to prepare and support them through educational programs. Cognitive characteristics are valuable elements that influence social entrepreneurial intention, but they are not sufficient, because entrepreneurship implicitly includes an emotional component. Because the environments in which entrepreneurs operate are unpredictable, emotional problems can have significant impacts on important aspects of business work. It is difficult to separate rational and emotional perspectives because emotions influence information, cognitive processing, and subsequent behavioral tendencies. Personality traits of individuals influence their intention to start a business, but little attention has been paid to emotional factors in developing countries because there is a lack of knowledge on this topic. Furthermore, research examining emotional factors in starting or creating companies is quite limited, and the knowledge gained on the relationship of emotional competencies to the propensity for social entrepreneurship is limited and only conducted in developed countries. Furthermore, research examining emotional factors in starting or creating companies is quite limited, and the knowledge gained on the relationship of emotional competencies to the propensity for social entrepreneurship is limited and only conducted in developed countries. The relationship between self-efficacy and goal attainment for entrepreneurial aspirations is proposed in the social cognitive career theory. The social cognitive career theory claims that self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and goal setting are the basis of career development. This model suggests that our beliefs about ourselves (self-efficacy) and what we expect to achieve (outcome expectations) work together to guide our career paths. The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that identifies the relationship between personality, emotional competence, and social entrepreneurship intention among university graduates or students in Tehran.
Methodology: In terms of practical purpose, this research is survey-type descriptive research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is the students and graduates of Tehran universities in Tehran, and a Likert scale was used to design the questionnaire. The questionnaire used had 39 items. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the method of content validity and construct validity was used; this means that the questionnaire was given to several professors who unanimously confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. Convergent and divergent validity were used to check the construct validity and the results showed that the questions have good validity. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Based on the results, Cronbach's alpha and Composite reliability coefficient was obtained for all research variables above 0.70. In this research, the sampling method is simple random sampling, and considering the unlimited size of the population the number of samples is estimated at 430 people. The method of data analysis was structural equation modeling with the help of Spss25 and Amos24 software.
Findings: The results of testing the research hypotheses show that social and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and social entrepreneurship intention. Emotional competence (social and personal) has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and social entrepreneurship intention. Self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship intention. The partial mediation role of self-efficacy in the effect of orientation (entrepreneurial and social), emotional competence (social and personal) on social entrepreneurship intention was confirmed.
Discussion and Conclusion: The people who are interested in entrepreneurship should communicate with organizations and stakeholders and become aware of their needs. It is also suggested that new solutions for improving work and entrepreneurship should be encouraged. Creating a network with people with expertise is one of the solutions that leads to strengthening the application of technological knowledge in line with the success of entrepreneurship. Establishing relationships with people who are active in the field of technology and entrepreneurship leads to identifying and creating opportunities for recognition and learning for entrepreneurs. Identifying and creating an entrepreneurial and creative environment encourages people to learn knowledge, which can lead to improving innovative knowledge and entrepreneurial orientation. Also, training in technology-related skills can help entrepreneurs become familiar with new technologies and provide the basis for using them in their businesses. Establishing connections with technological knowledge resources is another way to strengthen the impact of social orientation on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurs must be able to effectively connect with technological knowledge sources to benefit from the latest knowledge and technologies. In addition, opportunities to connect with successful organizations in the field of entrepreneurship should be created. In a socially oriented academic environment, course content as well as practical training should be directed to students in a way that enhances students' knowledge and skills in order to increase their management skills and risk-taking. The development of entrepreneurship among students and graduates depends on various factors. One of the most important of them is the identification and development of entrepreneurial capabilities and skills in students. Examining students' entrepreneurial skills can help to grow and develop the entrepreneurial spirit and, consequently, increase entrepreneurial behaviors in them. In fact, students, as managers and future business owners, must keep pace with changes and developments in order to be successful. One of the most important factors that helps keep pace with developments is turning to entrepreneurship and developing entrepreneurial skills in students.